Textbook of Critical Care

Bridging the gap between medical and surgical specialties in critical care, Textbook of Critical Care, 8th Edition, offers a practical, multidisciplinary approach to the effective management of adult and pediatric patients in the ICU. An outstanding editorial team, led by world-renowned intensivist Dr. Jean-Louis Vincent, assisted by Dr. Frederick A. Moore and new editors Drs. Rinaldo Bellomo and John J. Marini, provides the evidence-based guidance you need to overcome a full range of practice challenges. A full-color art program, relevant basic science and key summary points in every chapter, and expert contributing authors from all over the world make this an indispensable resource for every member of the critical care team.

Vincent, Moore, Bellomo & Marini

Table of Contents

1      Sudden Deterioration in Neurologic Status
1      Sudden Deterioration in Neurologic Status
2      Agitation and Delirium
2      Agitation and Delirium
3      Management of Acute Pain in the Intensive Care Unit
3      Management of Acute Pain in the Intensive Care Unit
4      Fever
4      Fever
5      Very High Systemic Arterial Blood Pressure
5      Very High Systemic Arterial Blood Pressure
6      Low Systemic Arterial Blood Pressure
6      Low Systemic Arterial Blood Pressure
7      Tachycardia and Bradycardia
7      Tachycardia and Bradycardia
8      Arterial Hypoxemia
8      Arterial Hypoxemia
9      Acute Respiratory Failure
9      Acute Respiratory Failure
10     Hyperbaric Oxygen in Critical Care
10     Pulmonary Edema
11     Polyuria
11     Pulmonary Edema
12     Oliguria
12     Pleural Effusion
13     Hypernatremia and Hyponatremia
13     Polyuria
14     Hyperkalemia and Hypokalemia
14     Oliguria
15     Metabolic Acidosis and Alkalosis
15     Hypernatremia and Hyponatremia
16     Hyperphosphatemia and Hypophosphatemia
16     Hypomagnesemia
16     Hyperkalemia and Hypokalemia
17     Hypocalcemia and Hypercalcemia
17     Hyperphosphatemia and Hypophosphatemia
18     Hypoglycemia
18     Hypomagnesemia
19     Hyperglycemia
19     Hypocalcemia and Hypercalcemia
20     Anemia
20     Hyperglycemia
20     Disorders of Glucose Metabolism
21     Thrombocytopenia
21     Anemia
22     Coagulopathy in the ICU
22     Coagulopathy in the ICU
22     Coagulopathy in the Intensive Care Unit
23     Jaundice
23     Jaundice
24     Gastrointestinal Bleeding
24      Ascites
25      Ascites
25      Acute Abdominal Pain
26      Acute Abdominal Pain
26      Ileus
27      Ileus
27      Diarrhea
27      Rash and Fever
28      Diarrhea
28      Chest Pain
29      Rash and Fever
29      Biochemical or Electrocardiographic Evidence of Acute Myocardial Injury
30      Chest Pain
30      Point-of-Care Ultrasound
31      Biochemical or Electrocardiographic Evidence of Acute Myocardial Injury
31      Echocardiography
32      Point-of-Care Ultrasound
32      Cardiovascular Monitoring
33      Echocardiography
33      Bedside Monitoring of Pulmonary Function
34      Arterial Blood Gas Interpretation
35      Tracheal Intubation
36      Tracheostomy
37      Basic Principles of Mechanical Ventilation
38      Basic Principles of Renal Replacement Therapy
39      Target Temperature Management in Critically Ill Patients
40      Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (Venovenous and Venoarterial ECMO)
41      Nutritional Support
41      Nutritional Support in Children
41      Role of Early Mobilization in the Prevention of ICU-Acquired Weakness
42      Advanced Bedside Neuromonitoring
43      Coma
44      Use of Brain Injury Biomarkers in Critical Care Settings
45      Cardiopulmonary Cerebral Resuscitation
45      Delirium
46      Management of Acute Ischemic Stroke
47      Nontraumatic Intracerebral and Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
48      Seizures in the Critically Ill
49      Neuromuscular Disorders in the Critically Ill
50      Traumatic Brain Injury
51      Spinal Cord Injury
52      Intensive Care Aft er Neurosurgery
52      Key Issues in Pediatric Neurointensive Care
52      Neuroimaging
53      Core Principles of Respiratory Physiology and Pathophysiology in Critical Illness
54      Patient-Ventilator Interaction
55      Noninvasive Positive-Pressure Ventilation
56      Advanced Techniques in Mechanical Ventilation
57      Weaning from Mechanical Ventilation
58      Adjunctive Respiratory Therapy
59      Imaging of the Chest
60      Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
61      Drowning
62      Aspiration Pneumonitis and Pneumonia
63      Severe Asthma Exacerbation
64      Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
65      Pulmonary Embolism
66      Pneumothorax
67      Acute Parenchymal Disease in Pediatric Patients
67      Community-Acquired Pneumonia
68      Nosocomial Pneumonia
69      Core Principles of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology in Critical Illness
70      Acute Coronary Syndromes: Therapy
71      Supraventricular Arrhythmias
72      Acquired and Congenital Heart Disease in Children
72      Ventricular Arrhythmias
73      Conduction Disturbances and Cardiac Pacemakers
74      Myocarditis and Acute Myopathies
75      Pericardial Diseases
75      Infectious Endocarditis
76      Emergency Heart Valve Disorders
77      Pulmonary Hypertension and Right Ventricular Failure
78      Hypertensive Crisis: Emergency and Urgency
79      Pathophysiology and Classification of Shock States
80      Resuscitation from Circulatory Shock
81      Inotropic Therapy
82      Mechanical Support in Cardiogenic Shock
83      Portal Hypertension: Critical Care Considerations
84      Hepatorenal Syndrome
85      Hepatopulmonary Syndrome
86      Hepatic Encephalopathy
87      Acute Liver Failure
88      Calculous and Acalculous Cholecystitis
89      Acute Pancreatitis
90      Peritonitis and Intraabdominal Infection
91      Mechanical Bowel Obstruction
92      Toxic Megacolon and Ogilvie’s Syndrome
93      Severe Gastrointestinal Bleeding
94      Core Principles of Renal Physiology and Pathophysiology in Critical Illness
95      Clinical Assessment of Renal Function
96      Disorders of Calcium and Magnesium Metabolism
96      Biomarkers of Acute Kidney Injury
97      Water Metabolism
97      Fluids and Electrolytes in Pediatrics
98      Advanced Techniques in Blood Purification
99      Fluid and Volume Therapy in the ICU
100     Acute Kidney Injury
101     Urinary Tract Obstruction
102     Contrast-Induced Acute Kidney Injury
103     Glomerulonephritis
104     Interstitial Nephritis
105     Antimicrobial Stewardship
106     Prevention and Control of Nosocomial Pneumonia
107     Antimicrobial Agents with Primary Activity Against Gram-Negative Bacteria
108     Antimicrobial Agents with Primary Activity Against Gram-Positive Bacteria
109     Antimicrobial Agents Active Against Anaerobic Bacteria
110     Selective Decontamination of the Digestive Tract
110     Sepsis and Multiple Organ System Failure in Children
111     Intravascular Catheter-Related Infections
112     Septic Shock
113     Infections of the Urogenital Tract
114     Central Nervous System Infections
115     Infections of Skin, Muscle, and Necrotizing Soft Tissue Infections
116     Head and Neck Infections
117     Infectious Endocarditis
118     Fungal Infections
119     Influenza and Acute Viral Syndromes
120     Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
121     Infections in the Immunocompromised Patient
121     Acute Viral Syndromes
122     Tuberculosis
123     Malaria and Other Tropical Infections in the Intensive Care Unit
124     Clostridium difficile Infection
125     Anemia and RBC Transfusion
126     Blood Component Therapies
127     Venous Thromboembolism
128     Anticoagulation in the Intensive Care Unit
129     Monitoring of Coagulation Status
130     Critical Care of the Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Recipient
131     Cardiovascular and Endocrinologic Changes Associated with Pregnancy
132     Hypertensive Disorders in Pregnancy
132     Neurologic Critical Illness in Pregnancy
133     Acute Pulmonary Complications During Pregnancy
134     Postpartum Hemorrhage
135     Diabetic Ketoacidosis and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state
136     Adrenal Insufficiency
136     Metabolic and Endocrine Crises in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit
137     Thyroid Disorders
138     Diabetes Insipidus
139     General Principles of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics
140     Poisoning: Overview of Approaches for Evaluation and Treatment
141     Resuscitation of Hypovolemic Shock
142     Mediastinitis
143     Epistaxis
144     Management of the Postoperative Cardiac Surgical Patient
145     Intensive Care Unit Management of Lung Transplant Patients
146     Peri-Operative Management of the Liver Transplant Patient
147     Intestinal and Multivisceral Transplantation: The Ultimate Treatment for Intestinal Failure
148     Aortic Dissection
149     Mesenteric Ischemia
150     Abdominal Compartment Syndrome
151     Extremity Compartment Syndromes
152     Thromboembolization and Thrombolytic Therapy
153     Atheroembolization
154     Pressure Ulcers
155     Burns, Including Inhalation Injury
156     Pediatric Trauma
156     Thoracic Trauma
157     Abdominal Trauma
158     Pelvic and Major Long Bone Fractures
159     Determination of Brain Death and Management of the Brain-Dead Organ Donor
160     Donation After Cardiac Death (Non-Heart-Beating Donation)
161     Determination of Brain Death
161     Conversations with Families of Critically Ill Patients
162     Resource Allocation in the Intensive Care Unit
162     The Pursuit of Performance Excellence
163     Basic Ethical Principles in Critical Care
163     Severity of Illness Indices and Outcome Prediction: Children
164     Building Teamwork to Improve Outcomes
165     Severity of Illness Indices and Outcome Prediction
166     Long-Term Outcomes of Critical Illness
167     Early Ambulation in the ICU
           E24. Pediatric Intensive Care Procedures
168     Mass Critical Care
169     Telemedicine in Intensive Care
170     Teaching Critical Care
           E1. Difficult Airway Management for Intensivists
           E2. Bedside Ultrasonography
           E3. Central Venous Catheterization
           E4. Arterial Cannulation and Invasive Blood Pressure Measurement
           E5. Bedside Pulmonary Artery Catheterization
           E6. Cardioversion and Defibrillation
           E7. Transvenous and Transcutaneous Cardiac Pacing
           E8. Ventricular Assist Device Implantation
           E9. Pericardiocentesis
           E10. Paracentesis and Diagnostic Peritoneal Lavage
           E11. Thoracentesis
           E12. Chest Tube Placement, Care, and Removal
           E13. Fiberoptic Bronchoscopy
           E14. Bronchoalveolar Lavage and Protected Specimen Bronchial Brushing
           E15. Percutaneous Dilatational Tracheostomy
           E16. Esophageal Balloon Tamponade
           E17. Nasoenteric Feeding Tube Insertion
           E18. Lumbar Puncture
           E19. Jugular Venous and Brain Tissue Oxygen Tension Monitoring
           E20. Intracranial Pressure Monitoring
           E21. Indirect Calorimetry
           E22. Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Cannulation
           E23. Bedside Laparoscopy in the Intensive Care Unit