Diagnostic Ultrasound: Abdomen and Pelvis

Develop a solid understanding of ultrasound of the abdomen and pelvis with this practical, point-of-care reference in the popular Diagnostic Ultrasound series. Written by leading experts in the field, the second edition of Diagnostic Ultrasound: Abdomen and Pelvis offers detailed, clinically oriented coverage of ultrasound imaging of this complex area and includes illustrated and written correlation between ultrasound findings and other modalities. The most comprehensive reference in its field, this image-rich resource helps you achieve an accurate ultrasound diagnosis for every patient.

Kamaya & Wong-You-Cheong

Table of Contents

Anatomy

Abdomen

Liver

Biliary System

Spleen

Pancreas

Kidneys

Bowel

Abdominal Lymph Nodes

Peritoneal Spaces and Structures

Abdominal Wall

Pelvis

Ureters and Bladder

Prostate

Testes

Uterus

Cervix

Vagina

Ovaries

Diagnoses

Liver

Introduction and Overview

Approach to Hepatic Sonography

Diffuse Parenchymal Disease

Acute Hepatitis

Hepatic Cirrhosis

Hepatic Fibrosis/Elastography

Hepatic Steatosis

Hepatic Schistosomiasis

Sinusoidal Obstruction Syndrome (Venoocclusive Disease)

Ultrasound LI-RADS

Cyst and Cyst-Like Lesions

Hepatic Cyst

Biliary Hamartoma

Caroli Disease

Biloma

Mucinous Cystic Neoplasm of Liver

Pyogenic Hepatic Abscess

Amebic Hepatic Abscess

Hepatic

• Echinococcus
• Cyst

   

   

   

   

  Hepatic Diffuse Microabscesses

   

   

   

  Peribiliary Cyst

   

   

  Focal Solid Masses

   

   

   

  Hepatic Cavernous Hemangioma

   

   

   

  Focal Nodular Hyperplasia

   

   

   

  Hepatic Adenoma

   

   

   

  Hepatocellular Carcinoma

   

   

   

  Hepatic Metastases

   

   

   

  Hepatic Lymphoma

   

   

   

  CEUS LI-RADS

   

   

  Vascular Conditions

   

   

   

  Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt (TIPS)

   

   

   

  Portal Vein Occlusion

   

   

   

  Budd-Chiari Syndrome

   

   

   

  Portal Vein Gas

   

   

   

  Portal Hypertension

   

   

   

  Hepatic Artery Pseudoaneurysm

   

   

  Liver Transplants

   

   

   

  Liver Transplant Hepatic Artery Stenosis/Thrombosis

   

   

   

  Liver Transplant Portal Vein Stenosis/Thrombosis

   

   

   

  Liver Transplant Hepatic Venous Stenosis/Thrombosis

   

   

   

  Liver Transplant Biliary Stricture

   

  Biliary System

   

   

  Introduction and Overview

   

   

   

  Approach to Biliary Sonography

   

   

  Gallstones and Mimics

   

   

   

  Cholelithiasis

   

   

   

  Gallbladder Polyps

   

   

  Gallbladder Wall Pathology

   

   

   

  Acute Calculous Cholecystitis

   

   

   

  Acute Acalculous Cholecystitis

   

   

   

  Chronic Cholecystitis

   

   

   

  Xanthogranulomatous Cholecystitis

   

   

   

  Porcelain Gallbladder

   

   

   

  Hyperplastic Cholecystosis (Adenomyomatosis)

   

   

   

  Gallbladder Carcinoma

   

   

  Ductal Pathology

   

   

   

  Biliary Ductal Dilatation

   

   

   

  Choledochal Malformation

   

   

   

  Choledocholithiasis

   

   

   

  Biliary Ductal Gas

   

   

   

  Cholangiocarcinoma

   

   

   

  Ascending Cholangitis

   

   

   

  Recurrent Pyogenic Cholangitis

   

  Pancreas

   

   

  Introduction and Overview

   

   

   

  Approach to Pancreatic Sonography

   

   

  Pancreatitis

   

   

   

  Acute Pancreatitis

   

   

   

  Pancreatic Pseudocyst

   

   

   

  Chronic Pancreatitis

   

   

  Simple Cysts and Cystic Neoplasms

   

   

   

  Mucinous Cystic Pancreatic Tumor

   

   

   

  Serous Cystadenoma of Pancreas

   

   

   

  Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasm (IPMN)

   

   

  Solid-Appearing Pancreatic Neoplasms

   

   

   

  Pancreatic Ductal Carcinoma

   

   

   

  Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasm

   

   

   

  Solid Pseudopapillary Neoplasm

   

   

  Pancreas Transplant

   

   

   

  Approach to Pancreatic Transplant Sonography

   

   

   

  Pancreas Transplant Vascular Complications

   

   

   

  Pancreas Transplant Nonvascular Complications

   

  Spleen

   

   

  Introduction and Overview

   

   

   

  Approach to Splenic Sonography

   

   

  Splenic Lesions

   

   

   

  Splenomegaly

   

   

   

  Splenic Cyst

   

   

   

  Splenic Tumors

   

   

   

  Splenic Infarct

   

  Urinary Tract

   

   

  Introduction and Overview

   

   

   

  Approach to Urinary Tract Sonography

   

   

  Normal Variants and Pseudolesions

   

   

   

  Column of Bertin, Kidney

   

   

   

  Renal Junction Line

   

   

   

  Renal Ectopia

   

   

   

  Horseshoe Kidney

   

   

   

  Ureteral Duplication

   

   

   

  Ureteral Ectopia

   

   

   

  Ureteropelvic Junction Obstruction

   

   

  Calculi and Calcinosis

   

   

   

  Urolithiasis

   

   

   

  Nephrocalcinosis

   

   

   

  Hydronephrosis

   

   

  Cysts and Cystic Disorders

   

   

   

  Simple Renal Cyst

   

   

   

  Complex Renal Cyst

   

   

   

  Cystic Disease of Dialysis

   

   

   

  Cystic Nephroma

   

   

   

  Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease

   

   

  Urinary Tract Infection

   

   

   

  Acute Pyelonephritis

   

   

   

  Renal Abscess

   

   

   

  Emphysematous Pyelonephritis

   

   

   

  Pyonephrosis

   

   

   

  Xanthogranulomatous Pyelonephritis

   

   

   

  Tuberculosis, Urinary Tract

   

   

  Solid Renal Neoplasms

   

   

   

  Renal Cell Carcinoma

   

   

   

  Renal Angiomyolipoma

   

   

   

  Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma

   

   

   

  Renal Lymphoma

   

   

  Vascular Conditions

   

   

   

  Renal Artery Stenosis

   

   

   

  Renal Vein Thrombosis

   

   

   

  Renal Infarct

   

   

   

  Perinephric Hematoma

   

   

  Prostate

   

   

   

  Prostatic Hyperplasia

   

   

   

  Prostatic Carcinoma

   

   

  Bladder

   

   

   

  Bladder Carcinoma

   

   

   

  Ureterocele

   

   

   

  Bladder Diverticulum

   

   

   

  Bladder Calculi

   

   

   

  Schistosomiasis, Bladder

   

   

   

  Urethral Diverticulum

   

  Kidney Transplant

   

   

  Introduction and Overview

   

   

   

  Approach to Sonography of Renal Allografts

   

   

  Renal Transplant Complications

   

   

   

  Allograft Hydronephrosis

   

   

   

  Perirenal Transplant Fluid Collections

   

   

   

  Transplant Renal Artery Stenosis

   

   

   

  Transplant Renal Artery Thrombosis

   

   

   

  Transplant Renal Vein Thrombosis

   

   

   

  Renal Transplant Arteriovenous (AV) Fistula

   

   

   

  Renal Transplant Pseudoaneurysm

   

   

   

  Renal Transplant Rejection

   

   

   

  Delayed Renal Graft Function

   

  Adrenal Gland

   

   

  Adrenal Hemorrhage

   

   

  Myelolipoma

   

   

  Adrenal Adenoma

   

   

  Adrenal Cyst

   

   

  Pheochromocytoma

   

   

  Adrenal Carcinoma

   

  Abdominal Wall/Peritoneal Cavity

   

   

  Approach to Sonography of Abdominal Wall/Peritoneal Cavity

   

   

  Abdominal Wall Hernia

   

   

  Groin Hernia

   

   

  Ascites

   

   

  Peritoneal Carcinomatosis

   

   

  Peritoneal Space Abscess

   

   

  Segmental Omental Infarction

   

  Bowel

   

   

  Approach to Bowel Sonography

   

   

  Bowel Features

   

   

  Appendicitis

   

   

  Appendiceal Mucocele

   

   

  Intussusception

   

   

  Epiploic Appendagitis

   

   

  Diverticulitis

   

   

  Crohn Disease

   

   

  Bowel Masses

   

  Scrotum

   

   

  Introduction and Overview

   

   

   

  Approach to Scrotal Sonography

   

   

  Scrotal Lesions

   

   

   

  Testicular Germ Cell Tumors

   

   

   

  Gonadal Stromal Tumors, Testis

   

   

   

  Testicular Lymphoma/Leukemia

   

   

   

  Epidermoid Cyst

   

   

   

  Tubular Ectasia of Rete Testis

   

   

   

  Testicular Microlithiasis

   

   

   

  Testicular Torsion/Infarction

   

   

   

  Undescended Testis

   

   

   

  Epididymitis/Orchitis

   

   

   

  Scrotal Trauma

   

   

   

  Hydrocele

   

   

   

  Spermatocele/Epididymal Cyst

   

   

   

  Adenomatoid Tumor

   

   

   

  Varicocele

   

  Female Pelvis

   

   

  Introduction and Overview

   

   

   

  Approach to Sonography of the Female Pelvis

   

   

  Cervical and Myometrial Pathology

   

   

   

  Nabothian Cyst

   

   

   

  Cervical Carcinoma

   

   

   

  Adenomyosis

   

   

   

  Leiomyoma

   

   

   

  Uterine Anomalies

   

   

  Endometrial Disorders

   

   

   

  Hematometrocolpos

   

   

   

  Endometrial Polyp

   

   

   

  Endometrial Carcinoma

   

   

   

  Endometritis

   

   

   

  Intrauterine Device

   

   

  Pregnancy-Related Disorders

   

   

   

  Tubal Ectopic Pregnancy

   

   

   

  Unusual Ectopic Pregnancies

   

   

   

  Failed First Trimester Pregnancy

   

   

   

  Retained Products of Conception

   

   

   

  Gestational Trophoblastic Disease

   

   

  Ovarian Cysts and Cystic Neoplasms

   

   

   

  Functional Ovarian Cyst

   

   

   

  Hemorrhagic Cyst

   

   

   

  Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome

   

   

   

  Serous Ovarian Cystadenoma/Carcinoma

   

   

   

  Mucinous Ovarian Cystadenoma/Carcinoma

   

   

   

  Ovarian Teratoma

   

   

   

  Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome

   

   

   

  Endometrioma

   

   

   

  O-RADS

   

   

  Non-Ovarian Cystic Masses

   

   

   

  Hydrosalpinx

   

   

   

  Pelvic Inflammatory Disease

   

   

   

  Parovarian Cyst

   

   

   

  Peritoneal Inclusion Cyst

   

   

  Vaginal and Vulvar Cysts

   

   

   

  Bartholin Cyst

   

   

   

  Gartner Duct Cyst

   

   

  Miscellaneous Ovarian Masses

   

   

   

  Sex Cord-Stromal Tumor

   

   

   

  Adnexal/Ovarian Torsion

   

   

   

  Ovarian Metastases Including Krukenberg Tumor

  Differential Diagnoses

   

  Liver

   

   

   

  Hepatomegaly

   

   

  Diffuse Liver Disease

   

   

  Cystic Liver Lesion

   

   

  Hypoechoic Liver Mass

   

   

  Echogenic Liver Mass

   

   

  Target Lesions in Liver

   

   

  Multiple Hepatic Masses

   

   

  Hepatic Mass With Central Scar

   

   

  Periportal Lesion

   

   

  Irregular Hepatic Surface

   

   

  Portal Vein Abnormality

   

  Biliary System

   

   

  Gallbladder

   

   

   

  Diffuse Gallbladder Wall Thickening

   

   

   

  Hyperechoic Gallbladder Wall

   

   

   

  Focal Gallbladder Wall Thickening/Mass

   

   

   

  Echogenic Material in Gallbladder Lumen

   

   

   

  Dilated Gallbladder

   

   

  Bile Ducts

   

   

   

  Intrahepatic and Extrahepatic Duct Dilatation

   

  Pancreas

   

   

  Cystic Pancreatic Lesion

   

   

  Solid Pancreatic Lesion

   

   

  Pancreatic Duct Dilatation

   

  Spleen

   

   

  Focal Splenic Lesion

   

  Urinary Tract

   

   

  Intraluminal Bladder Mass

   

   

  Abnormal Bladder Wall

   

  Kidney

   

   

  Enlarged Kidney

   

   

  Small Kidney

   

   

  Hypoechoic Kidney

   

   

  Hyperechoic Kidney

   

   

  Cystic Renal Mass

   

   

  Solid Renal Mass

   

   

  Renal Pseudotumor

   

   

  Dilated Renal Pelvis

   

  Abdominal Wall/Peritoneal Cavity

   

   

  Diffuse Peritoneal Fluid

   

   

  Solid Peritoneal Mass

   

   

  Cystic Peritoneal Mass

   

  Prostate

   

   

  Enlarged Prostate

   

   

  Focal Lesion in Prostate

   

  Bowel

   

   

  Bowel Wall Thickening

   

  Scrotum

   

   

  Diffuse Testicular Enlargement

   

   

  Decreased Testicular Size

   

   

  Testicular Calcifications

   

   

  Focal Testicular Mass

   

   

  Focal Extratesticular Mass

   

   

  Extratesticular Cystic Mass

   

  Female Pelvis

   

   

  Cystic Adnexal Mass

   

   

  Solid Adnexal Mass

   

   

  Extraovarian Adnexal Mass

   

   

  Enlarged Ovary

   

   

  Enlarged Uterus

   

   

  Abnormal Endometrium