Diagnostic Imaging Chest

Covering the entire spectrum of this fast-changing field, Diagnostic Imaging: Chest, third edition, is an invaluable resource for general radiologists, thoracic radiologists, and trainees-anyone who requires an easily accessible, highly visual reference on today’s thoracic imaging. Drs. Melissa L. Rosado-de-Christenson, Santiago Martínez-Jiménez, and their team of highly regarded experts provide up-to-date information on recent advances in technology and the understanding of chest diseases to help you make informed decisions at the point of care. The text is lavishly illustrated, delineated, and referenced, making it a useful learning tool as well as a handy reference for daily practice.

Rosado-de-Christenson & Martínez-Jiménez

Table of Contents

Overview of Chest Imaging

Introduction and Overview

Approach to Chest Imaging

Illustrated Terminology

Approach to Illustrated Terminology

Acinar Nodules

Air Bronchogram

Air-Trapping

Airspace

Architectural Distortion

Bulla/Bleb

Cavity

Consolidation

Cyst

Ground-Glass Opacity

Honeycombing

Interlobular Septal Thickening

Intralobular Lines

Mass

Miliary Pattern

Mosaic Attenuation

Nodule

Pneumatocele

Reticular Pattern

Secondary Pulmonary Lobule

Traction Bronchiectasis

Tree-in-Bud Opacities

Centrilobular

Perilymphatic Distribution

Chest Radiographic and CT Signs

Approach to Chest Radiographic and CT Signs

Air Crescent Sign

Cervicothoracic Sign

Comet Tail Sign

CT Halo Sign

Deep Sulcus Sign

Fat Pad Sign

Finger-in-Glove Sign

Hilum Convergence Sign

Hilum Overlay Sign

Incomplete Border Sign

Luftsichel Sign

Reversed Halo Sign

Rigler and Cupola Signs

S-Sign of Golden

Signet Ring Sign

Silhouette Sign

Atelectasis and Volume Loss

Approach to Atelectasis and Volume Loss

Atelectasis

Relaxation and Compression Atelectasis

Cicatricial Atelectasis

Rounded Atelectasis

Developmental Abnormalities

Introduction and Overview

Approach to Developmental Abnormalities

Airways

Tracheal Bronchus and Other Anomalous Bronchi

Paratracheal Air Cyst

Bronchial Atresia

Tracheobronchomegaly

Lung

Extralobar Sequestration

Intralobar Sequestration

Diffuse Pulmonary Lymphangiomatosis

Apical Lung Hernia

Pulmonary Circulation

Congenital Interruption Pulmonary Artery

Aberrant Left Pulmonary Artery

Pulmonary Arteriovenous Malformation

Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return

Scimitar Syndrome

Pulmonary Varix

Meandering Pulmonary Vein

Systemic Circulation

Accessory Azygos Fissure

Azygos and Hemiazygos Continuation of the IVC

Persistent Left Superior Vena Cava

Aberrant Subclavian Artery

Right Aortic Arch

Double Aortic Arch

Aortic Coarctation

Cardiac, Pericardial, and Valvular Defects

Atrial Septal Defect

Ventricular Septal Defect

Bicuspid Aortic Valve

Pulmonic Stenosis

Heterotaxy

Absence of the Pericardium

Chest Wall and Diaphragm

Poland Syndrome

Pectus Deformity

Kyphoscoliosis

Morgagni Hernia

Bochdalek Hernia

Airway Diseases

Introduction and Overview

Approach to Airways Disease

Benign Neoplasms

Tracheobronchial Hamartoma

Tracheobronchial Papillomatosis

Malignant Neoplasms

Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Airways

Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma

Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma

Metastasis, Airways

Airway Narrowing and Wall Thickening

Saber-Sheath Trachea

Tracheal Stenosis

Tracheobronchomalacia

Middle Lobe Syndrome

Airway Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis

Tracheobronchial Amyloidosis

Tracheobronchopathia Osteochondroplastica

Relapsing Polychondritis

Rhinoscleroma

Bronchial Dilatation and Impaction

Bronchitis

Bronchiectasis

Cystic Fibrosis

Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis

Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia

Mounier-Kuhn Syndrome

Williams-Campbell Syndrome

Broncholithiasis

Emphysema and Small Airway Diseases

Centrilobular Emphysema

Paraseptal Emphysema

Panlobular Emphysema

Infectious Bronchilitis

Constrictive Bronchiolitis

Swyer-James-Macleod Syndrome

Asthma

Infections

Introduction and Overview

Approach to Infections

General

Bronchopneumonia

Community-acquired Pneumonia

Healthcare-Associated Pneumonia

Nosocomial Pneumonia

Lung Abscess

Septic Emboli

Bacteria

Pneumococcal Pneumonia

Staphylococcal Pneumonia

Klebsiella Pneumonia

Pseudomonas

Legionella Pneumonia

Nocardiosis

Actinomycosis

Melioidosis

Tuberculosis

Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Infection

Mycoplasma Pneumonia

Viruses

Influenza Pneumonia

Cytomegalovirus Pneumonia

Coronavirus

COVID-19

Fungi

Histoplasmosis

Coccidioidomycosis

Blastomycosis

Cryptococcosis

Paracoccidioidomycosis

Aspergillosis

Zygomycosis

• Pneumocystis jirovecii
• Pneumonia

   

   

  Parasites

   

   

  Approach to Parasites

   

   

  Dirofilariasis

   

   

  Hydatidosis

   

   

  Strongyloidiasis

   

   

  Amebiasis

   

   

  Schistosomiasis

  Pulmonary Neoplasms

   

  Introduction and Overview

   

   

  Approach to Pulmonary Neoplasms

   

  Lung Cancer

   

   

  Adenocarcinoma

   

   

  Squamous Cell Carcinoma

   

   

  Small Cell Carcinoma

   

   

  Mutlifocal Lung Cancer

   

  Uncommon Neoplasms

   

   

  Pulmonary Hamartoma

   

   

  Bronchial Carcinoid

   

   

  Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

   

   

  Kaposi Sarcoma

   

  Lymphoma and Lymphoproliferative Disorders

   

   

  Follicular Bronchiolitis

   

   

  Lymphocytic Interstitial Pneumonia

   

   

  Nodular Lymphoid Hyperplasia

   

   

  Post-Transplant Lymphoproliferative Disease

   

   

  Pulmonary Lymphoma

   

  Metastatic Disease

   

   

  Hematogenous Metastases

   

   

  Lymphangitic Carcinomatosis

   

   

  Tumor Emboli

  Interstitial, Diffuse, and Inhalational Lung Disease

   

  Introduction and Overview

   

   

  Approach to Interstitial, Diffuse, and Inhalational Lung Disease

   

  Idiopathic Interstitial Lung Diseases

   

   

  Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)

   

   

  Acute Interstitial Pneumonia

   

   

  Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis

   

   

  Nonspecific Interstitial Pneumonia

   

   

  Organizing Pneumonia

   

   

  Sarcoidosis

   

   

  Pleuropulmonary Fibroelastosis

   

  Smoking-Related Diseases

   

   

  Respiratory Bronchiolitis and RBILD

   

   

  Desquamative Interstitial Pneumonia

   

   

  Pulmonary Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis

   

   

  Combined Pulmonary Fibrosis and Emphysema

   

  Pneumoconiosis

   

   

  Asbestosis

   

   

  Silicosis and Coal Worker's Pneumoconiosis

   

   

  Hard Metal Pneumoconiosis

   

   

  Beryliosis

   

   

  Silo-Filler's Disease

   

  Other Inhalational Disorders

   

   

  Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis

   

   

  Smoke Inhalation

   

   

  E-cigarette or Vaping Product Use-Associated Lung Injury (EVALI)

   

   

  Aspiration

   

   

  Excipient Lung Disease

   

  Eosinophilic Lung Disease

   

   

  Acute Eosinophilic Pneumonia

   

   

  Chronic Eosinophilic Pneumonia

   

   

  Hypereosinophilic Syndrome

   

  Metabolic Diseases and Miscellaneous Conditions

   

   

  Alveolar Microlithiasis

   

   

  Metastatic Pulmonary Calcification

   

   

  Lymphangioleiomyomatosis

   

   

  Pulmonary Amyloidosis

   

   

  Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis

   

   

  Lipoid Pneumonia

   

   

  Dendriform Pulmonary Ossification

  Connective Tissue Disorders, Immunological Diseases, and Vasculitis

   

  Introduction and Overview

   

   

  Approach to Connective Tissue Disorders, Immunological Diseases, and Vasculitis

   

  Immunological and Connective Tissue Disorders

   

   

  Rheumatoid Arthritis

   

   

  Scleroderma

   

   

  Mixed Connective Tissue Disease

   

   

  Polymyositis/Dermatomyositis

   

   

  Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

   

   

  Sjögren Syndrome

   

   

  Ankylosing Spondylitis

   

   

  Inflammatory Bowel Disease

   

   

  Erdheim Chester Disease

   

  Thoracic Complications in Immunocompromised Patients

   

   

  Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

   

   

  Solid Organ Transplantation

   

   

  HIV/AIDS

   

   

  Neutropenia

   

  Pulmonary Hemorrhage and Vasculitis

   

   

  Idiopathic Pulmonary Hemorrhage

   

   

  Goodpasture Syndrome

   

   

  Pulmonary Granulomatosis and Polyangiitis

   

   

  Eosinophilic Granulomatosis and Polyangiitis

   

   

  Behcet Syndrome

   

   

  Necrotizing Sarcoid Granulomatosis

  Mediastinal Abnormalities

   

  Introduction and Overview

   

   

  Approach to Mediastinal Abnormalities

   

  Primary Neoplasms

   

   

  Thymoma

   

   

  Thymic Neuroendocrine Neoplasm

   

   

  Thymic Carcinoma

   

   

  Thymolipoma

   

   

  Mediastinal Teratoma

   

   

  Mediastinal Seminoma

   

   

  Nonseminomatous Malignant Germ Cell Neoplasm

   

   

  Neurogenic Neoplasms of the Nerve Sheath

   

   

  Neurogenic Neoplasms of the Sympathetic Ganglia

   

   

  Neurofibromatosis

   

  Lymphadenopathy

   

   

  Metastatic Disease, Lymphadenopathy

   

   

  Mediastinal Lymphoma

   

   

  Mediastinal Fibrosis

   

   

  Castleman Disease

   

  Cysts

   

   

  Bronchogenic Cyst

   

   

  Esophageal Duplication Cyst

   

   

  Pericardial Cyst

   

   

  Thymic Cyst

   

  Vascular Lesions

   

   

  Mediastinal Vascular Masses

   

   

  Coronary Artery Aneurysm

   

   

  Paraesophageal Varices

   

   

  Mediastinal Lymphangioma

   

   

  Mediastinal Hemangioma

   

  Glandular Enlargement

   

   

  Thymic Hyperplasia

   

   

  Goiter and Other Thyroid Masses

   

  Diseases of the Esophagus

   

   

  Achalasia

   

   

  Esophageal Diverticuli

   

   

  Esophageal Stricture

   

   

  Esophageal Carcinoma

   

  Miscellaneous Conditions

   

   

  Mediastinal Lipomatosis

   

   

  Mediastinitis

   

   

  Mediastinal Fat Necrosis

   

   

  Extramedullary Hematopoiesis

   

   

  Hiatal and Paraesophageal Hernia

  Cardiovascular Disorders

   

  Introduction and Overview

   

   

  Approach to Cardiovascular Disorders

   

  Diseases of the Aorta and Great Vessels

   

   

  Atherosclerosis

   

   

  Aortic Aneurysm

   

   

  Acute Aortic Syndromes

   

   

  Marfan Syndrome

   

   

  Takayasu Arteritis

   

   

  Superior Vena Cava Obstruction

   

  Pulmonary Edema

   

   

  Pulmonary Edema

   

  Pulmonary Hypertension and Thromboembolic Disease

   

   

  Pulmonary Artery Hypertension

   

   

  Pulmonary Venoocclusive Disease/Pulmonary Capillary Hemangiomatosis

   

   

  Acute Pulmonary Thromboembolic Disease

   

   

  Chronic Pulmonary Thromboembolic Disease

   

   

  Sickle Cell Disease

   

   

  Fat Embolism

   

   

  Hepatopulmonary Syndrome

   

   

  Illicit Drug Use, Pulmonary Manifestations

   

  Diseases of the Heart and Pericardium

   

   

  Valve and Annular Calcification

   

   

  Aortic Valve Disease

   

   

  Mitral Valve Disease

   

   

  Left Atrial Calcification

   

   

  Ventricular Calcification

   

   

  Coronary Artery Calcification

   

   

  Post Cardiac Injury Syndrome

   

   

  Pericardial Effusion

   

   

  Constrictive Pericarditis

   

  Cardiovascular Neoplasms

   

   

  Cardiac and Pericardial Metastases

   

   

  Cardiac Myxoma

   

   

  Cardiac Sarcoma

   

   

  Pulmonary Artery Sarcoma

   

   

  Aortic Sarcoma

  Trauma

   

  Introduction and Overview

   

   

  Approach to Chest Trauma

   

  Airways and Lung

   

   

  Tracheobronchial Laceration

   

   

  Trauma, Lung

   

  Cardiovascular/Mediastinum

   

   

  Pneumomediastinum

   

   

  Traumatic Aortic Injury

   

   

  Esophageal Rupture

   

   

  Thoracic Duct Tear

   

  Pleura, Chest Wall, and Diaphragm

   

   

  Traumatic Pneumothorax

   

   

  Traumatic Hemothorax

   

   

  Thoracic Splenosis

   

   

  Rib Fractures and Flail Chest

   

   

  Spinal Fracture

   

   

  Sternal Fracture

   

   

  Diaphragmatic Rupture

  Post-Treatment Chest

   

  Introduction and Overview

   

   

  Approach to Post-Treatment Chest

   

  Life Support Devices

   

   

  Endotracheal and Enteric Tubes

   

   

  Vascular Catheters

   

   

  Cardiac Conduction Devices

   

   

  Thoracostomy Tubes and Mediastic Drains

   

  Surgical Procedures and Complications

   

   

  Pleurodesis

   

   

  Sublobar Resection

   

   

  Lung Volume Reduction Surgery

   

   

  Lobectomy

   

   

  Lobar Torsion

   

   

  Pneumonectomy

   

   

  Thoracoplasty and Apicolysis

   

   

  Lung Herniation

   

   

  Sternotomy

   

   

  Cardiac Transplantation

   

   

  Lung Transplantation

   

   

  Esophageal Resection

   

  Radiation, Chemotherapy, Ablation

   

   

  Radiation-Induced Lung Disease

   

   

  Drug Reaction, Intrathoracic

   

   

  Ablation Procedures

  Pleural Diseases

   

  Introduction and Overview

   

   

  Approach to Pleural Diseases

   

  Effusion

   

   

  Transudative Pleural Effusion

   

   

  Exudative Pleural Effusion

   

   

  Hemothorax

   

   

  Chylothorax

   

   

  Empyema

   

  Pneumothorax

   

   

  Iatrogenic Pneumothorax

   

   

  Primary Spontaneous Pneumothorax

   

   

  Secondary Spontaneous Pneumothorax

   

  Pleural Thickening

   

   

  Apical Cap

   

   

  Pleural Plaques

   

   

  Pleural Fibrosis and Fibrothorax

   

  Neoplasia

   

   

  Malignant Pleural Effusion

   

   

  Solid Pleural Metastases

   

   

  Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma

   

   

  Localized Fibrous Tumor of the Pleura

  Chest Wall and Diaphragm

   

  Introduction and Overview

   

   

  Approach to Chest Wall and Diaphragm

   

  Chest Wall

   

   

  Chest Wall Infections

   

   

  Discitis

   

   

  Chest Wall Lipoma

   

   

  Elastofibroma and Fibromatosis

   

   

  Chest Wall Metastases

   

   

  Chondrosarcoma

   

   

  Plasmacytoma and Multiple Myeloma

   

  Diaphragm

   

   

  Diaphragmatic Eventration

   

   

  Diaphragmatic Paralysis