Montagna Trichology Diseases of the Pilosebaceus Follicle dos volumen

A legend of trichology: William Montagna When this book was being refined in its last details, when the main chapters had already been written, and the fall of 1994 was coming to an end, Bill Montagna passed away. Bill was a beloved teacher and friend, a person who maintained his Latin character while living in Portland. He knew how to earn the appreciation and affection of those of us lucky enough to share with him long hours, and maybe of many more who were only with him for a few minutes or heard him on one of the two occasions that I brought him to Spain. I met Bill Montagna when I began to dedicate myself to Trichology, at the start of the 70s. In the beginning I had knowledge, as do many of you, of his books, especially “The Structure and Function of the Skin” in its second edition from 1962, and “Man” in its first from 1969. In the year 1975, once I obtained the position of Adjunct Dermatology Professor at the University of Granada, I taught in the Department of Medical-Surgical Dermatology and Venereology at the Medical School an “Introductions to Trichology” course for the doctors in the department and others that came from different Spanish departments. At the end I promised them that for the following year it would be a great honor to bring them an international figure of Trichology such as Professor William Montagna. I got in touch with him and invited him to the “First International Meeting of Trichology.” I had to wait almost five years before my wish was made reality, among other things because the economy of those years did not allow us to invite foreign professors. I took advantage of the “Tribute to Professor Dulanto in his 25 years as Professor of Granada” to ask the then President of the Spanish Academy of Dermatology and Syphilography, Professor José María Mascaró, to let me celebrate the National Congress of Dermatology in Granada. After a “Theoretical and Practical course for Dermatological Surgery,” conducted from Monday the 4th of February to Thursday the 7th of February 1980, the National Convention began, and that same Thursday night Bill Montagna came to Granada. I remember that with just enough time to change clothes after his long journey, we brought him to the Medical School to attend a guitar concert offered by the master Manolo Cano in the Lecture Hall. Professor Montagna had finally arrived to Granada.

Índice

AUTHOR INDEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VI

PROLOGUE. A legend of trichology: William Montagna . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . XIX
Francisco M. Camacho

PROLOGUE OF THE ENGLISH EDITION . . . .  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XXI
Francisco M. Camacho

PROLOGUE OF THE ENGLISH EDITION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XXI
Antonella Tosti

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XXI
Francisco M. Camacho

VOLUMEN I

1. EMBRYOLOGY AND ANATOMY OF THE HAIR FOLLICLES. HAIR GROWTH CYCLES. DEVELOPMENT OF HUMAN HAIR FOLLICLES. ANATOMY OF THE SEBACEOUS GLAND, APOCRINE GLAND, ERECTOR MUSCLES. VASCULARISATION AND INNERVATION . . . . . . . . . 1
William Montagna (†) and Francisco M. Camacho

2. PHYSIOLOGY OF THE HAIR FOLLICLE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

2.1. SOME ASPECTS OF THE PHYSIOLOGY OF PILOSEBACEOUS FOLLICLE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Francisco M. Camacho and William Montagna (†)

2.2. THE KERATINS OF THE HUMAN HAIR FOLLICLE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
Lutz Langbein and Jürgen Schweizer

2.3. PIGMENTATION OF HUMAN HAIR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
Stéphane Commo and Bruno A. Bernard

2.4. THE REGULATION OF HAIR GROWTH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
Valerie Anne Randall

3. EXPLORATION OF HAIR DISEASES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127

3.1. CLINICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL GENERAL DIAGNOSIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
Francisco M. Camacho

3.2. TRICHOGRAM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
Ulrike Blume-Peytavi and Özlem Dicle

3.3. STANDARDIZED MACROPHOTOGRAPHY AND IMAGEN ANALYSIS: THE CANFIELD HAIR METRIX METHODSM . . . . . . . 151
Ulrike Blume-Peytavi and Sanna Lönnfors

3.4. FOLLICULOGRAM. AUTORADIOGRAPHY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
Hideo Uno and Sotaro Kurata

3.5. SCALP HAIR IMAGING: GLOBAL PERCEPTION AND ANALYTICAL METHODS: PHOTOTRICHOGRAM AND ALTERNATIVE METHODS PROPOSED FOR HAIR GROWTH MEASUREMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
Dominique Van Neste

3.6. TRICHOSCAN® . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177
Rolf Hoffman and Holger Lüdtke

3.7. DERMOSCOPY IN THE EVALUATION OF HAIR AND SCALP DISORDERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183
Antonella Tosti

3.8. PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL TECHNIQUES APPLIED TO HAIR ANALYSIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189
Francisco Javier García-Veigas and Juan Ferrando

3.9. HISTOPATHOLOGY OF ALOPECIA. VERTICAL AND TRANSVERSE SECTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195
Laila El-Shabrawi-Caelen

3.10. CONFOCAL MICROSCOPY IN TRICHOLOGY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205
Marco Ardigó

4. HAIR THROUGH HISTORY. ETHNIC HAIR. HAIRLINE ALTERATIONS. HAIR COLOR ALTERATIONS. SUN AND SMOKING. FORENSIC TRICHOLOGY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211

4.1. THE HAIR THROUGH HISTORY. SOCIAL INFLUENCE OF THE HAIR. ETYMOLOGY IN TRICHOLOGY . . . . . 215
Francisco M. Camacho and Antonella Tosti

4.2. ETHNIC HAIR: FOCUS ON THE AFRICAN AMERICAN PATIENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233
Amy McMichael

4.3. HAIRLINE ALTERATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241
Francisco M. Camacho and Cristina Serrano

4.4. HAIR COLOR ALTERATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253
Cristina Serrano and Francisco M. Camacho

4.5. SUN EXPOSITION AND SMOKING IN TRICHOLOGY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279
Ralph Trüeb

4.6. HAIR IN FORENSIC MEDICINE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291
Agustin Buendía and Salvador Arias Santiago

5. GENOHYPOTRICHOSES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305

5.1. GENOHYPOTRICHOSES. CONCEPT AND CLASSIFICATION. HAIR SHAFT DYSPLASIAS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309
Francisco M. Camacho and Juan Ferrando

5.2. FRACTURES OF THE HAIR SHAFT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339
David A. Whiting and Francisco M. Camacho

5.3. UNCOMBABLE HAIR SYNDROME (PILI CANALICULI) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 351
Juan Ferrando

5.4. TRICHOTHIODYSTROPHY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359
Vera H. Price and Francisco M. Camacho

5.5. LOOSE ANAGEN HAIR SYNDROME . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 371
Vera H. Price and Francisco M. Camacho

5.6. PILI ANNULATI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383
Kathrin Giehl

5.7. PILI GEMINI. PILI BIFURCATI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387
Francisco M. Camacho and Antonella Tosti

5.8. HAIR CAST. KERATIN AND STRANGE MATERIAL AROUND AND INSIDE OF THE HAIR . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393
Antonella Tosti and Mariya Miteva

5.9. GENODERMATOSES WITH HYPOTRICHOSIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397
Francisco M. Camacho

5.10. RECENT DISCOVERIES IN GENETIC HAIR DISORDERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 427
Yuval Ramot and Abraham Zlotogorski

6. HYPERTRICHOSIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 437
Francisco M. Camacho

7. HIRSUTISM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 485
Francisco M. Camacho

8. ALOPECIAS. CONCEPT AND CLASSIFICATION. CONGENITAL ALOPECIAS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 527
Francisco M. Camacho and Ramón Grimalt

9. ALOPECIAS BY FOLLICULAR MINIATURIZATION. ANDROGENETIC ALOPECIAS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 553

9.1. ALOPECIAS BY FOLLICULAR MINIATURIZATION. ANDROGENETIC ALOPECIAS. HISTORY OF THEIR CLASSIFICATIONS . . . . 557
Francisco M. Camacho and William Montagna (†)

9.2. METABOLISM OF THE HAIR FOLLICLE. CURRENT SITUATION OF ANDROGEN METABOLISM AT THE HAIR FOLLICLE  . . . . 571

Francisco M. Camacho and Salvador Arias-Santiago

9.3. MALE ANDROGENETIC ALOPECIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 591
Francisco M. Camacho and William Montagna (†)

9.4. FEMALE PATTERN HAIR LOSS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 619
Francisco M. Camacho and Erick Ludwig (†)

9.5. MEDICAL TREATMENT OF MALE ANDROGENETIC ALOPECIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 655
Francisco M. Camacho and Rodney P.R. Dawber

9.6. MEDICAL TREATMENT OF FEMALE PATTERN HAIR LOSS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 677
Francisco M. Camacho

VOLUME I I

10. ANAGENIC AND TELOGENIC ALOPECIAS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 707

10.1. ALOPECIAS DUE TO THE LOSS IN ANAGEN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 711
Anne Haan and Ulrike Blume-Peytavi

10.2. ALOPECIAS DUE TO TELOGEN EFLUVIUM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 721
Alfredo Rebora

10.3. DIFFUSE ALOPECIA DUE TO CHEMICALS AND ENDOCRINE FACTORS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 729
Bianca M. Piraccini

10.4. FERROPENIC ALOPECIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 735
Pierre A. de Viragh

11. ALOPECIA AREATA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 745

11.1. ALOPECIA AREATA. EPIDEMIOLOGY. CLINICAL SYMPTOMS. REGROWTH. EVOLUTION. PROGNOSIS . 749
Francisco M. Camacho and Antonella Tosti

11.2. ALOPECIA AREATA. DIAGNOSIS. TRICHOGRAM. BIOPSY. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS . . . . . . . . . . . . 771
Francisco M. Camacho and Juan José Rios

11.3. DISORDERS ASSOCIATED WITH ALOPECIA AREATA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 789
Francisco M. Camacho and Antonella Tosti

11.4. OCULAR AND AUDIOLOGICAL MANIFESTATIONS IN ALOPECIA AREATA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 809
Antonella Tosti

11.5. PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF ALOPECIA AREATA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 813
María José García Hernández

11.6. ETIOPATHOGENESIS OF ALOPECIA AREATA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 817
Andrew Messenger

11.7. NEUROLOGICAL FEATURES OF THE ETIOPATHOGENESIS OF ALOPECIA AREATA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 825
María Hordinsky and Marna Ericson

11.8. TREATMENT OF ALOPECIA AREATA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 833
Francisco M. Camacho

11.9. ALOPECIA AREATA. CONTACT TREATMENTS AND OTHER TREATMENTS. AROMATHERAPY . . . . . . . . 863
Antonella Tosti

11.10. SIDE EFFECTS OF TREATMENTS USED IN ALOPECIA AREATA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 871
Francisco M. Camacho

11.11. NEW TREATMENTS FOR ALOPECIA AREATA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 893
María Hordinsky and Sima Kavand

12. ALOPECIAS BY EXTERNAL TRAUMAS TO SCALP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 899

12.1. TRACTION AND FRICTION ALOPECIAS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 903
Lluís Puig

12.2. TRICHOTILLOMANIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 913
Antonio Rodríguez Pichardo

13. ALOPECIAS IN DERMATOSES, SYSTEMIC DISEASES AND TUMORS OF THE SCALP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 925

13.1. DERMATOSES OF THE SCALP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 929
Jose Carlos Moreno and Gloria Garnacho

13.2. ALOPECIAS IN SYSTEMIC DISEASES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 955
Bruna Duque Estrada

13.3. ALOPECIAS BY SCALP TUMORS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 973
Francisco M. Camacho and Juan José Ríos Martín

14. CICATRICIAL ALOPECIAS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1029

14.1. CICATRICIAL ALOPECIAS. DEFINITION, EXPLORATION AND CLASSIFICATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1033
Francisco M. Camacho and Sergio Vañó

14.2. SECONDARY CICATRICIAL ALOPECIAS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1041
Francisco M. Camacho and Sergio Vañó

14.3. ETIOPATHOGENESIS OF PRIMARY CICATRICIAL ALOPECIAS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1053
Manabu Ohyama

14.4. PRIMARY CICATRICIAL ALOPECIAS WITH NEUTROPHILIC INFILTRATE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1061
Carol Lattouf and Antonella Tosti

14.5. PRIMARY CICATRICIAL ALOPECIAS WITH LYMPHOCYTIC INFILTRATE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1069
Francisco M. Camacho and Antonella Tosti

14.6. FRONTAL FIBROSING ALOPECIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1081
Mariya Miteva

14.7. PRIMARY CICATRICIAL ALOPECIAS WITH MIXED AND UNSPECIFIC INFILTRATE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1089
Francisco M. Camacho and Antonella Tosti

14.8. PRIMARY CICATRICIAL ALOPECIAS WITH GRANULOMATOUS INFILTRATE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1099
Jerry Shapiro and Othman Abahussein

15. THE SURGICAL TREATMENT OF ALOPECIAS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1109

15.1. TREATMENT OPTIONS THROUGHOUT HISTORY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1113
Francisco M. Camacho

15.2. CURRENT STATUS OF HAIR TRANSPLANTATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1133
Robin Unger and Walter Unger

15.3. FOLLICULAR UNIT LONG HAIR (FUL) AND VERTICAL FLAPS FOR AN IMMEDIATE HAIR RESTORATION. OTHER TREATMENTS: AUTOLOGOUS PLATELET RICH PLASMA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1149
Pierre Bouhanna

15.4. CURRENT SITUATION OF FOLLICULAR UNITS’ TRANSPLANT. FUT AND FUE TECHNIQUES . . . . . . . . 1159
Alejandro Ginzburg and Alejandro Camps Fresneda

15.5. FOLLICULAR REGENERATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1171
Nilofer Farjo and Bessam Farjo

15.6. SURGICAL PATIENT SELECTION. COMPLICATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1177
Alejandro Camps Fresneda

16. COSMETIC TREATMENTS OF HAIR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1181

16.1. CLEANSING, MAINTENANCE AND THERAPEUTIC COSMETICS. SHAMPOOS, CONDITIONERS, DYES, PERMANENT WAVES, HAIR STRAIGHTENING, HAIR SETTING LOTIONS AND SPRAYS . . . . . . . . . . . . 1185
Zoe Diana Draelos

16.2. HAIR COSMETICS. MEDICATED SHAMPOO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1201
Aurora Guerra Tapia

16.3. HAIR REMOVAL. PHYSICAL METHODS (ELECTROLYSIS, THERMOLYSIS, “BLEND” METHODS) AND CHEMICAL METHODS (CHEMICAL DEPILATORIES). BLEACHING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1207
José C. Moreno Giménez and Rafael Jiménez Puya

16.4. CURRENT STATE OF LASER HAIR REMOVAL WITH LASERS AND LIGHT SOURCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1213
Mario A. Trelles and José Luis Cisneros

16.5. WHITE, BLOND AND THIN HAIR: A CHALLENGE FOR EPILATION WITH LASER OR IPL LAMPS . . . . . . 1223
Mario A. Trelles and Rubén del Río

17. THE PILOSEBACEOUS FOLLICLE IN THE GENERAL CONTEXT OF THE SKIN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1235

17.1. SAHA SYNDROME . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1239
Francisco M. Camacho

17.2. INFLAMMATORY DISEASES OF THE FOLLICLE. FOLLICULITIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1273
Francisco M. Camacho and Vicente Torres

17.3. DERMATOSES RELATED TO THE SEBACEOUS GLANDS: I. SEBORRHEA AND SEBORRHEIC DERMATITIS . 1295
Salvio Serrano Ortega

17.4. DERMATOSES RELATED TO THE SEBACEOUS GLANDS: II. ROSACEA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1303
Alfredo Rebora

17.5. DERMATOSES RELATED TO THE SEBACEOUS GLANDS: III. ACNE. ETIOPATHOGENIC AND THERAPEUTIC APPROACH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1311
Alan Shalita (†) and Vicente Torres

17.6. OTHER DISORDERS OF SEBACEOUS GLANDS: SEBACEOUS HYPERPLASIA AND FOX-FORDYCE’S DISEASE. HIDRADENITIS SUPPURATIVA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1331