Table of Contents
SECTION 1—SPINE
1-1 Vertebral Column, 2
Cervical Spine
1-2 Atlas and Axis, 3
1-3 External Craniocervical Ligaments, 4
1-4 Internal Craniocervical Ligaments, 5
1-5 Suboccipital Triangle, 6
1-6 Dens Fracture, 7
1-7 Jefferson and Hangman’s Fractures, 8
1-8 Cervical Vertebrae, 9
1-9 Muscles of Back: Superficial Layers, 10
1-10 Muscles of Back: Intermediate and
Deep Layers, 11
1-11 Spinal Nerves and Sensory
Dermatomes, 12
1-12 Cervical Spondylosis, 13
1-13 Cervical Spondylosis and
Myelopathy, 14
1-14 Cervical Disc Herniation:
Clinical Manifestations, 15
1-15 Surgical Approaches for the Treatment
of Myelopathy and Radiculopathy, 16
1-16 Extravascular Compression of
Vertebral Arteries, 17
Thoracolumbar and Sacral Spine
1-17 Thoracic Vertebrae and Ligaments, 18
1-18 Lumbar Vertebrae and Intervertebral
Discs, 19
1-19 Sacral Spine and Pelvis, 20
1-20 Lumbosacral Ligaments, 21
1-21 Degenerative Disc Disease, 22
1-22 Lumbar Disc Herniation, 23
1-23 Lumbar Spinal Stenosis, 24
1-24 Lumbar Spinal Stenosis
(Continued), 25
1-25 Degenerative Lumbar
Spondylolisthesis, 26
1-26 Degenerative Spondylolisthesis:
Cascading Spine, 27
1-27 Adult Deformity, 28
1-28 Three-Column Concept of Spinal
Stability and Compression
Fractures, 29
1-29 Compression Fractures
(Continued), 30
1-30 Burst, Chance, and Unstable
Fractures, 31
Deformities of Spine
1-31 Congenital Anomalies of Occipitocervical
Junction, 32
1-32 Congenital Anomalies of Occipitocervical
Junction (Continued), 33
1-33 Synostosis of Cervical Spine (Klippel-Feil
Syndrome), 34
1-34 Clinical Appearance of
Congenital Muscular
Torticollis (Wryneck), 35
1-35 Nonmuscular Causes of
Torticollis, 36
1-36 Pathologic Anatomy of Scoliosis, 37
1-37 Typical Scoliosis Curve Patterns, 38
1-38 Congenital Scoliosis: Closed Vertebral
Types (MacEwen Classification), 39
1-39 Clinical Evaluation of Scoliosis, 40
1-40 Determination of Skeletal Maturation,
Measurement of Curvature, and
Measurement of Rotation, 41
1-41 Braces for Scoliosis, 42
1-42 Scheuermann Disease, 43
1-43 Congenital Kyphosis, 44
1-44 Spondylolysis and Spondylolisthesis, 45
1-45 Myelodysplasia, 46
1-46 Lumbosacral Agenesis, 47
SECTION 2—PELVIS, HIP, AND THIGH
Anatomy
2-1 Superficial Veins and Cutaneous
Nerves, 50
2-2 Lumbosacral Plexus, 52
2-3 Sacral and Coccygeal Plexuses, 53
2-4 Nerves of Buttock, 54
2-5 Femoral Nerve (L2, 3, 4) and Lateral
Femoral Cutaneous Nerve (L2, 3), 55
2-6 Obturator Nerve (L2, 3, 4), 56
2-7 Sciatic Nerve (L4, 5; S1, 2, 3) and
Posterior Femoral Cutaneous Nerve
(S1, 2, 3), 57
2-8 Muscles of Front of Hip and Thigh, 58
2-9 Muscles of Hip and Thigh (Anterior and
Lateral Views), 59
2-10 Muscles of Back of Hip and Thigh, 60
2-11 Bony Attachments of Muscles of Hip
and Thigh: Anterior View, 61
2-12 Bony Attachments of Muscles of Hip
and Thigh: Posterior View, 62
2-13 Cross-Sectional Anatomy of Hip:
Axial View, 63
2-14 Cross-Sectional Anatomy of Hip:
Coronal View, 64
2-15 Cross-Sectional Anatomy of Thigh, 65
2-16 Arteries and Nerves of Thigh:
Anterior Views, 66
2-17 Arteries and Nerves of Thigh:
Deep Dissection (Anterior View), 67
2-18 Arteries and Nerves of Thigh:
Deep Dissection (Posterior view), 68
2-19 Bones and Ligaments at Hip:
Osteology of the Femur, 69
2-20 Bones and Ligaments at Hip:
Hip Joint, 70
Physical Examination
2-21 Physical Examination, 71
Deformities of the Pelvis and Femur
2-22 Proximal Femoral Focal Deficiency:
Radiographic Classification, 72
2-23 Proximal Femoral Focal Deficiency:
Clinical Presentation, 73
2-24 Congenital Short Femur with
Coxa Vara, 74
2-25 Recognition of Developmental Dislocation
of the Hip, 75
2-26 Clinical Findings in Developmental
Dislocation of Hip, 76
2-27 Radiologic Diagnosis of Developmental
Dislocation of Hip, 77
2-28 Adaptive Changes in Dislocated Hip That
Interfere with Reduction, 78
2-29 Device for Treatment of Clinically
Reducible Dislocation of Hip, 79
2-30 Blood Supply to Femoral Head
in Infancy, 80
2-31 Legg-Calvé-Perthes Disease:
Pathogenesis, 81
2-32 Legg-Calvé-Perthes Disease:
Physical Examination, 82
2-33 Legg-Calvé-Perthes Disease:
Physical Examination (Continued), 83
2-34 Stages of Legg-Calvé-Perthes
Disease, 84
2-35 Legg-Calvé-Perthes Disease: Lateral Pillar
Classification, 85
2-36 Legg-Calvé-Perthes Disease: Conservative
Management, 86
2-37 Femoral Varus Derotational
Osteotomy, 87
2-38 Innominate Osteotomy, 88
2-39 Innominate Osteotomy (Continued), 89
2-40 Physical Examination and Classification
of Slipped Capital Femoral
Epiphysis, 90
2-41 Pin Fixation in Slipped Capital Femoral
Epiphysis, 91
Disorders of the Hip
2-42 Hip Joint Involvement in
Osteoarthritis, 92
2-43 Total Hip Replacement: Prostheses, 93
2-44 Total Hip Replacement: Steps 1 to 3, 94
2-45 Total Hip Replacement: Steps 4 to 8, 95
2-46 Total Hip Replacement: Steps 9 to 12, 96
2-47 Total Hip Replacement:
Steps 13 to 18, 97
2-48 Total Hip Replacement:
Steps 19 and 20, 98
2-49 Total Hip Replacement: Dysplastic
Acetabulum, 99
2-50 Total Hip Replacement:
Protrusio Acetabuli, 100
2-51 Total Hip Replacement: Complications—
Loosening of Femoral Component, 101
2-52 Total Hip Replacement: Complications—
Fractures of Femur and Femoral
Component, 102
2-53 Total Hip Replacement: Complications—
Loosening of Acetabular Component
and Dislocation of Total Hip
Prosthesis, 103
2-54 Total Hip Replacement: Infection, 104
2-55 Total Hip Replacement: Hemiarthroplasty
of Hip, 105
2-56 Hip Resurfacing, 106
2-57 Rehabilitation after Total Hip
Replacement, 107
2-58 Femoroacetabular Impingement/
Hip Labral Tears, 108
2-59 Avascular Necrosis, 109
2-60 Trochanteric Bursitis, 110
2-61 Snapping Hip (Coxa Saltans), 111
2-62 Muscle Strains, 112
Trauma
2-63 Injury to Pelvis: Stable Pelvic Ring
Fractures, 113
2-64 Injury to Pelvis: Straddle Fracture
and Lateral Compression Injury, 114
2-65 Injury to Pelvis: Open Book
Fracture, 115
2-66 Injury to Pelvis: Vertical Shear
Fracture, 116
2-67 Injury to Hip: Acetabular
Fractures, 117
2-68 Injury to Hip: Acetabular Fractures
(Continued), 118
2-69 Injury to Hip: Posterior Dislocation
of Hip, 119
2-70 Injury to Hip: Anterior Dislocation of Hip,
Obturator Type, 120
2-71 Injury to Hip: Dislocation of
Hip with Fracture of Femoral
Head, 121
2-72 Injury to Femur: Intracapsular
Fracture of Femoral Neck, 122
2-73 Injury to Femur: Intertrochanteric
Fracture of Femur, 123
2-74 Injury to Femur: Subtrochanteric
Fracture of Femur, 124
2-75 Injury to Femur: Fracture of Shaft
of Femur, 125
2-76 Injury to Femur: Fracture of Distal
Femur, 126
2-77 Amputation of Lower Limb and
Hip (Disarticulation and
Hemipelvectomy), 127
SECTION 3—KNEE
Anatomy
3-1 Topographic Anatomy of the Knee, 130
3-2 Osteology of the Knee, 131
3-3 Knee: Lateral and Medial Views, 132
3-4 Knee: Anterior Views, 133
3-5 Knee: Posterior and Sagittal Views, 134
3-6 Knee: Interior View and Cruciate and
Collateral Ligaments, 135
3-7 Arteries and Nerves of Knee, 136
Injury to the Knee
3-8 Arthrocentesis of Knee Joint, 137
3-9 Types of Meniscal Tears and Discoid
Meniscus Variations, 138
3-10 Tears of the Meniscus, 139
3-11 Medial and Lateral Meniscus, 140
3-12 Rupture of the Anterior Cruciate
Ligament, 141
3-13 Lateral Pivot Shift Test for Anterolateral
Knee Instability, 142
3-14 Rupture of Cruciate Ligaments:
Arthroscopy, 143
3-15 Rupture of Posterior Cruciate
Ligament, 144
3-16 Physical Examination of the Leg
and Knee, 145
3-17 Sprains of Knee Ligaments, 146
3-18 Disruption of Quadriceps Femoris
Tendon or Patellar Ligament, 147
3-19 Dislocation of Knee Joint, 148
Disorders of the Knee
3-20 Progression of Osteochondritis
Dissecans, 149
3-21 Osteonecrosis, 150
3-22 Tibial Intercondylar Eminence
Fracture, 151
3-23 Synovial Plica, 152
3-24 Synovial Plica (Arthroscopy), Bursitis, and
Iliotibial Band Friction Syndrome, 153
3-25 Pigmented Villonodular Synovitis and
Meniscal Cysts, 154
3-26 Rehabilitation after Injury to Knee
Ligaments, 155
3-27 Bipartite Patella and Baker’s Cyst, 156
3-28 Subluxation and Dislocation of
Patella, 157
3-29 Fracture of the Patella, 158
3-30 Osgood-Schlatter Lesion, 159
3-31 Knee Arthroplasty: Osteoarthritis of
the Knee, 160
3-32 Knee Arthroplasty: Total Condylar
Prosthesis and Unicompartmental
Prosthesis, 161
3-33 Knee Arthroplasty: Posterior Stabilized
Knee Prosthesis, 162
3-34 Total Knee Replacement Technique:
Steps 1 to 5, 163
3-35 Total Knee Replacement Technique:
Steps 6 to 9, 164
3-36 Total Knee Replacement Technique:
Steps 10 to 14, 165
3-37 Total Knee Replacement Technique:
Steps 15 to 20, 166
3-38 Medial Release for Varus Deformity
of Knee, 167
3-39 Lateral Release for Valgus Deformity
of Knee, 168
3-40 Rehabilitation after Total Knee
Replacement, 169
3-41 High Tibial Osteotomy for Varus
Deformity of Knee, 170
3-42 Below-Knee Amputation, 171
3-43 Disarticulation of Knee and Above-Knee
Amputation, 172
SECTION 4—LOWER LEG
Anatomy
4-1 Topographic Anatomy of the Lower
Leg, 174
4-2 Fascial Compartments of Leg, 175
4-3 Muscles of Leg: Superficial Dissection
(Anterior View), 176
4-4 Muscles of Leg: Superficial Dissection
(Lateral View), 177
4-5 Muscles, Arteries, and Nerves of Leg:
Deep Dissection (Anterior View), 178
4-6 Muscles of Leg: Superficial Dissection
(Posterior View), 179
4-7 Muscles of Leg: Intermediate Dissection
(Posterior View), 180
4-8 Muscles, Arteries, and Nerves of Leg:
Deep Dissection (Posterior View), 181
4-9 Common Peroneal Nerve, 182
4-10 Tibial Nerve, 183
4-11 Tibia and Fibula, 184
4-12 Tibia and Fibula (Continued), 185
4-13 Bony Attachments of Muscles of Leg, 186
Injury to Lower Leg
4-14 Fracture of Proximal Tibia Involving
Articular Surface, 187
4-15 Fracture of Shaft of Tibia, 188
4-16 Fracture of Tibia in Children, 189
Congenital Deformities
4-17 Bowleg and Knock-Knee, 190
4-18 Blount Disease, 191
4-19 Toeing In: Metatarsus Adductus and
Internal Tibial Torsion, 192
4-20 Toeing In: Internal Femoral Torsion, 193
4-21 Toeing Out and Postural Torsional Effects
on Lower Limbs, 194
SECTION 5—ANKLE AND FOOT
Anatomy
5-1 Surface Anatomy and Muscle Origins
and Insertions, 196
5-2 Tendon Sheaths of Ankle, 197
5-3 Ligaments and Tendons of Ankle, 198
5-4 Dorsal Foot: Superficial Dissection, 199
5-5 Dorsal Foot: Deep Dissection, 200
5-6 Plantar Foot: Superficial Dissection, 201
5-7 Plantar Foot: First Layer, 202
5-8 Plantar Foot: Second Layer, 203
5-9 Plantar Foot: Third Layer, 204
5-10 Interosseous Muscles and Deep Arteries
of Foot, 205
5-11 Cross-Sectional Anatomy of Ankle
and Foot, 206
5-12 Cross-Sectional Anatomy of Ankle
and Foot (Continued), 207
5-13 Bones of Foot, 208
5-14 Bones of Foot (Continued), 209
5-15 Ligaments and Tendons of Foot:
Plantar View, 210
5-16 Lymph Vessels and Nodes of Lower
Limb, 211
Fractures and Dislocations
5-17 Major Sprains and Sprain Fractures, 212
5-18 Mechanisms of Ankle Sprains, 213
5-19 Rotational Fractures, 214
5-20 Repair of Fracture of Malleolus, 215
5-21 Pilon Fracture, 216
5-22 Talus Fracture, 217
5-23 Extra-articular Fracture of Calcaneus, 218
5-24 Intra-articular Fracture of Calcaneus, 219
5-25 Fifth Metatarsal Fractures, 220
5-26 Lisfranc Injury, 221
5-27 Navicular Stress Fractures, 222
Common Soft Tissue Disorders
5-28 Achilles Tendon Rupture, 223
5-29 Peroneal Tendon Injury, 224
5-30 Osteochondral Lesions of the
Talus, 225
5-31 Turf Toe, 226
5-32 Plantar Fasciitis, 227
5-33 Posterior Tibial Tendonitis/Flatfoot, 228
Deformities of the Ankle and Foot
5-34 Congenital Clubfoot, 229
5-35 Congenital Clubfoot (Continued), 230
5-36 Congenital Vertical Talus, 231
5-37 Cavovarus Foot, 232
5-38 Calcaneovalgus and Planovalgus, 233
5-39 Tarsal Coalition, 234
5-40 Tarsal Coalition (Continued), 235
5-41 Accessory Tarsal Navicular, 236
5-42 Congenital Toe Deformities, 237
5-43 Köhler Disease, 238
Infections and Amputations
5-44 Common Foot Infections, 239
5-45 Deep Infections of Foot, 240
5-46 Lesions of the Diabetic Foot, 241
5-47 Clinical Evaluation of Patient with
Diabetic Foot Lesion, 242
5-48 Amputation of Foot, 243
5-49 Syme Amputation (Wagner
Modification), 244
Llamanos al
Tienda
